Great Britain - 1792

½ Penny Token

(D & H 14 - Norfolk, Norwich)
Obverse - Great Britain  - 1792 Reverse - Great Britain - 1792
Obverse - The Armorial bearings of the City of Norwich. (A castle triple-towered, in base a lion passant gardant.) For full description see Norfolk No. 8.
Legend: MAY NORWICH FLOURISH. PRO BONO PUBLICO
Reverse - Arms: (Gules, on a bend between six crosses crosslets fitchée argent, an escutcheon or, charged with a demi-lion [a lion on the token], rampant pierced through the mouth with an arrow, within a double tressure flory, counter-flory gules.) [The tressure is not so shown, and the tincture would be impossible to engrave at this minute scale] of the Howard Family — the Duke of Norfolk's. Behind the shield are two truncheons or Marshal's staves, in saltire or, enamelled at each end sable. [This tincture is omitted on the token.]
Legend: NORFOLK AND NORWICH HALFPENNY. 1792
Edge: PAYABLE AT N. BOLINGBROKES HABERDASHER &C NORWICH .X.
Diesinker, Wyon; manufacturer, Kempson. Thirty cwts. struck. Common.
 
Comments. Nathaniel Bolingbroke was a haberdasher and silversmith in the Market Place at Norwich.
 
   The truncheons behind the shield bearing the duke's Arms refer to his office as Earl Marshal. This was first granted by Richard II to Thomas Mowbray, and was last conferred by Charles II upon Henry, Lord Howard, with a long entail to others of the same family. The Earl Marshal is empowered to bear a gold truncheon enamelled with black at each end; the upper having the King's Arms engraven thereon, and the lower those of the Earl Marshal.
 
   The Earl Marshal's Court, usually held at the hall of the Heralds' College, examines questions affecting pedigrees and armorial bearings, and his subordinate officers are the Kings at Arms, Heralds and Pursuivants. They publish royal proclamations, marshal such royal ceremonies as Coronations, Marriages, Christenings, Funerals, etc., and grant heraldic bearings to those entitled to bear them, or blazon fresh coats where no previous right exists.
 
   The escutcheon bearing the demi-lion rampant on the bend in the arms is an honourable augmentation granted to Thomas, second Duke, in honour of his victory at the battle of Flodden Field.
 
   The Duke of Norfolk is also Earl of Arundel, Surrey, Norfolk, and Norwich; Baron Mowbray, Howard, etc., and after the Princes of the Blood Royal is the Premier Duke and Earl of England.
Commercial Coins 1787-1804., pp. 128-129
 
Dalton & Hamer (pg. 211)
Norfolk, Norwich No. 14
O: The arms of Norwich. MAY NORWICH FLOURISH. PRO BONO PUBLICO.
R: Shield of arms of the county. NORFOLK AND NORWICH HALFPENNY. 1792
E:
A. 15
PAYABLE AT N. BOLINGBROKES HABERDASHER &C NORWICH .X.